pulmonary infection

　　pulmonary infection
　　classify：
　　1. The bacterial pneumonia: such as streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, group a hemolytic streptococcus, with white clay pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mr Bush escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and so on.
　　2. Pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens, such as legionella bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia, etc.
　　3. The viral pneumonia: such as coronary virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, etc.
　　4. The fungal pneumonia: such as white candida, aspergillus, radiation bacteria, etc.
　　5. Other pathogens caused by pneumonia: such as rickettsia, toxoplasma, protozoa and parasites such as pulmonary hydatid, lung trematode, etc. People with poor immunity, such as HIV/AIDS patients easily with cartesian pulmonary lung steamed stuffed bun, legionella, bird-like mycobacterium, n/med tuberculosis bacterium, toxoplasma infection, etc.
　　6. The physical and chemical factors caused by pneumonia: such as radioactive pneumonia, gastric acid inhalation, chemical pneumonia caused by drugs, etc.
　　7. mycoplasma pneumonia caused by mycoplasma infection.
　　Symptoms:
　　Difficulty in breathing, temperature changes, cough, sputum volume increased with sputum traits.
　　Causes:
　　Inhalation injury, tracheotomy or tracheal intubation, aspiration, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, shock, anesthesia, wound invasive infection, purulent thrombophlebitis etc.
　　Diagnoses:
　　1. Pay attention to the presence of inhalation injury, tracheotomy or tracheal intubation, aspiration, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, shock, anesthesia, wound invasive infection, purulent thrombophlebitis etc.
　　2. Pay attention to have difficulty breathing, temperature changes, cough, sputum volume increased with sputum traits. Should be paid attention to clinical symptoms and effects of burns or sepsis.
　　3. The physical examination. Severe burn patients, chest has burn more, more difficult to obtain accurate chest signs. Therefore, we should pay attention to check, have without breathing change and then sound and so on.
　　4. To identify bacteria infection, airway secretions within training should be done regularly, best for bronchial lung lavage cultivation, in order to prevent the pollution.
　　5. Chest X-ray. After burn most lung infection diagnosis depends on X-ray. Line should be regular chest radiography after injury, after review on a regular basis. X-ray manifestation of pneumonia can be divided into small lesions, large lesions and three, lobar pneumonia is the most common small lesions.
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Typical cases of urinary protein elimination

　　Xiaobo comes from Inner Mongolia, 1st, May, 2016 suddenly appeared edema, swollen eyes hard to open. Xiao is his mother dearly loved baby, his mother took him to the nearest hospital in a hurry at that night.
　　After a test, his protein is 3+, local doctor diagnosed -- nephrotic syndrome. Protein 3+ on such a small child, the local doctor recommended hurriedly hormones to control the disease. Steroid and calcium, Xiaobo is treated 27 days, review the results of all negative urine, edema disappeared. Disease is finally good, the family happily discharged. Things are not so simple,after three days Xiaobo relapse. And systemic edema, proteinuria became 3+ again. This time his mother are better hurry, This time more anxious mother, and how the disease is always back and forth, watching the children look pitiful, heart sour. The hospital had never been seen also know a lot of patients, patients recommended his mother to take her to Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital. The first thing that came to Shijiazhuang is test, this is not the results came out, the urine protein 3+. 24-hour urinary protein excretion is 3.05g. Such test results are expected child mothers. She even thinks the child will do long-term relapse plan, but the doctor's words made her renewed confidence. "In fact, the treatment of kidney disease must first clear the blood of toxins, our traditional therapies cure kidney disease, they often do not know the key to treatment is to clean up the blood accumulated a lot of toxins, and then use the symptomatic treatment of renal drugs. Blood is unclear but direct symptomatic medication, this will certainly lead to bad treatment, and easily repeated. the reason is simple, when people accumulate a lot of blood of toxins, the effect of any drug use are not good enough. " Dr. Fan carefully explain to the child’s mother about the misunderstanding cure kidney disease. After the clear serum drug treatment for 10 days, Xiaobo edema disappeared, and the spirit is getting better. Children's performance is not going to lie, to see him playing together with doctors and nurses, we can know his disease is better and better. After 10 days we again review, we look at the current urine of Xiaobo. Congratulations Xiaobo’s urine protein has a negative. 24-hour urinary protein excretion also dropped 0.13g.
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Proteinuria

　　Proteinuria
　　as a result of glomerular filtration membrane filtration function and renal tubular reabsorption function, healthy urine protein (much smaller molecular weight protein) content rarely (less than 150 mg daily discharge), protein qualitative check, the negative reaction. When urine protein content increased, the ordinary routine urine examination can detect, called proteinuria. If the acuity 3.5 g / 24 h urine protein content, it is called a massive proteinuria.
　　Proteinuria is the typical symptoms of chronic kidney disease, the reasons for the formation of Proteinuria and glomerular barrier function of the intimate relationship. The glomerular capillary consists of three layers structure from the inside out of endothelial cells, basal membrane layer respectively and the epithelial cell layer. Because the three layers of cells are filtering holes of various sizes and negative charge, so the barrier function of glomerular capillary can points two kinds, namely mechanical barrier, filter hole and charge barrier, negative charge.
　　Examination
　　Urine protein test is divided into qualitative and quantitative inspection and special inspection:
　　1. Qualitative check
　　Best for the first time in the early morning urine routine urine, morning urine is the most strong, and can eliminate orthostatic proteinuria. Return urine specimens, the abandoned in the former period, return midway through the urine. Qualitative check just preliminary examination, the kidney disease diagnosis, therapeutic observation and judgement shall do further quantitative inspection.
　　2. quantitative check
　　24 hours urinary protein quantitative, accurate to return 24 hours urinary protein, blending, in urine samples.
　　3. special examination
　　Such as urine protein electrophoresis, light chain quantitative urine, urinary tract ultrasound, renal biopsy and pathological examination, based on clinical diagnosis and the need for inspection.
　　Diet nursing principles of proteinuria
　　Albuminuria is an important clinical kidney disease patients.
　　1. Patients with proteinuria is generally need to have a rest, reduce the burden of kidneys and improve kidney function and reduce the symptom of proteinuria.
　　2. Observe the patient's blood pressure. Have proteinuria in patients with hypoalbuminemia and results in the decrease of blood volume and hyponatremia, prone to orthostatic hypotension and even syncope. Therefore, to instruct client don't activities, and monitoring the blood pressure regularly.
　　3. The diet nursing care. Patients with dietary protein supply according to kidney condition. In general, lost due to protein excretion from urine protein, serum albumin. Therefore, in the situation can be under the premise of renal function should be appropriately increased protein intake, and ensure the adequate supply of heat. If the patient's kidney function is poor and even take a low protein diet in uremia. And supply should be high quality protein, protein such as milk, lean lean, etc.
　　4. The examination of the urine protein on a regular basis. Generally do routine urine twice a week, a quantitative check urine specific gravity and 24 hours urinary protein.
　　5. Patients with proteinuria symptoms should be in suitable temperature and humidity, sunshine, ventilation is good, the living environment of fresh air. And the room regularly disinfected. Lost due to long-term patients with proteinuria protein, decreased with edema and make the skin resistance, easy infection, therefore, attention should be paid to the patient's personal skin clean and bed sheets, clothing hygiene clean, can use warm water scrub, massage the skin. Encourage patients often turn, etc.
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Causes and symptoms of gallstones

　　Gallstone
　　Summarize:
　　Cholelith disease is the most common lesions in biliary system, according to the site is different, can have gallstones, primary or secondary common bile duct stones, extrahepatic bile duct or intrahepatic bile duct stones, but clinical, in fact, the single parts of the stone is not common, often several parts of the stones in the same patients exist at the same time.
　　Causes:
　　1. Obesity
　　Obesity is an important risk factor for the onset of gallbladder cholesterol calculus of obesity among three times as normal weight, obese people are more likely to have a lower risk of gallstone disease is its absolute increase the amount of cholesterol synthesis in the body, or relative increase bile acid and phospholipid, cholesterol supersaturated.
　　2. Diet
　　Eating habits are the main factors that influence the formation of gallstone, eating the refined food, high cholesterol foods are significantly higher, the incidence of gall bladder calculi because refined carbohydrates increase bile cholesterol saturation, with improvement of living standards in our country, gall bladder calculi incidence of cholelithiasis is the main position, and given priority to with cholesterol stone.
　　3. Others
　　Gall bladder calculi with cirrhosis of the liver disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, parenteral nutrition, surgical trauma and relevant application of certain drugs, such as the incidence of cholelithiasis in patients with cirrhosis without 3 times of cirrhosis of the liver, and the incidence of diabetes patients with gallstone disease is twice as many patients without diabetes.
　　Symptoms:
　　No obvious clinical manifestations of about 60% of the cystic and calculous patient, in the body or other line abdominal surgery and was found, when stone, could cause cystic duct obstruction, often characterized by upper abdominal distention nausea discomfort, similar symptoms of gastritis, take several medicines to treat gastritis but invalid, patient more disgusted greasy food; Some patients in the new position in bed at night, the stone jams happen in cystic duct obstruction and temporarily right upper quadrant and epigastric pain, so often part of the cystic and calculous patient abdominal pain at night.
　　Diet:
　　Whole grains, fresh vegetables, garlic, Onions, mushrooms, edible fungus, corn stigma, wheat bran, cholesterol, appropriate to eat. Edible contain vitamin A and vitamin K: rich in vegetables such as broccoli, vegetables are rich in vitamin A, carrot, tomato, spinach, lettuce, beans, peas.
　　Avoid fatty foods, lard, Fried food, oil cakes should not eat more, more diet acrimony stimulation of condiments, such as pepper, pepper, chili oil, spices, pepper, spicy tofu, curry, and so on. Avoid tobacco, wine, coffee, strong tea, margarine and soft drinks, chocolate, sugar products.
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Kidney patients in order to improve dyslipidemia cases, from the following aspects

　　Kidney patients in order to improve dyslipidemia cases, from the following aspects:
　　1, limiting intake of food cholesterol
　　Lower LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol, is the key to prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Although not all cholesterol from food, but limit the intake of cholesterol lowering high cholesterol is necessary.
　　2, lifestyle changes
　　First， we need to quit alcohol limit smoking can inhibit the activity of lipoprotein lipase, elevated triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, can damage endothelial function, cause arterial spasms. Moderate drinking, especially wine, for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis may be beneficial to a day not more than 1OOg wine is appropriate.
　　Select the appropriate physical exercise for overweight and obese, in addition to diet control, physical exercise is effective measures to lose weight. Exercise manner suggested low intensity rhythmic, repetitive aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, cycling, tai chi or gymnastics, such as walking 30 minutes every day.
　　3, Regular use of statins, lipid-lowering health care service do Freeze
　　The most commonly used class of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs, statins for lowering high cholesterol in LDL best, while LDL is the most important factor involved in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease initiation class. If you are patients with hyperlipidemia, please take statins under the guidance of a doctor in law. It found dyslipidemia, taking health food to regulate blood lipids is not advocated.
　　Health food is not medicine, only on blood lipids have a supplementary intervention, which means that no matter how eating and reach lipid efficacy. And some unscrupulous vendors in order to achieve a certain effect in the health food added illegal drugs, the patient will blindly taking the liver and kidney damage.
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Astriction

　　Astriction
　　Summarize:
　　constipation is a symptom of a variety of diseases, rather than a disease. For different patients, constipation have different meanings. Common symptom is defecate frequency decreased significantly, once every 2 ~ 3 days or longer, irregular, dung qualitative hard, often accompanied by defecation difficult feeling pathological phenomena.
　　Causes:
　　1. intake too little food or water, make the intestinal chyme residue or manure quantity is less, not enough to stimulate normal colonic peristalsis.
　　2. The intestinal peristalsis abate or intestinal muscle tension reduction.
　　3. The presence of stenosis or obstruction lumen, make normal bowel movements, to the discharge of waste not, such as intestinal obstruction or left half colon cancer.
　　4. Any steps in the process of defecation reflex disabled or pathological changes all can happen constipation, such as the feeling of mechanical stimulation rectal mucosa is abate, pelvic nerve, lumbosacral spinal cord lesions, anal sphincter muscle cramps, abdominal muscles and diaphragm muscle contraction weakened movement, etc.
　　Prevention:
　　1. must have the right amount of fiber in the diet.
　　2. want to have a certain amount of vegetables and fruits every day, eat apple a hollow in the morning and evening, or 1-3 before every meal to eat bananas.
　　3. staple food, don't be too careful, appropriate eat more roughage.
　　4. since morning hollow drink a cup of pale salt water or honey water, cooperate with abdominal massage or waist, and let the water in the intestines and stomach vibration, strengthen the laxative. All day should drink more cold water to help runchang purge.
　　5. proper physical activity, exercise more, such as bow legs, to lie on your back squat to stand up, such as riding a bike can strengthen the movement of the abdomen, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help to promote defecation.
　　6. every night before bed, massage abdomen, get into the habit of regular bowel movements.
　　7. keep happy, life is regular.
　　Diet:
　　1. drink at least eight glasses of water daily, especially when eating high fiber food, more attention should be paid to ensure drinking water;
　　2. eat more fresh vegetables, increase dietary fiber intake;
　　3. every day with food, wheat bran, chaff, etc., to expand the volume of excrement and urine, promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce the occurrence of constipation;
　　4. every morning hollow drink water of the honey water, honey has lubricating effect to intestinal tract;
　　5. increase the supply of B vitamins in food, as far as possible choose natural, unprocessed foods, such as whole grains, legumes, yeast, etc., to enhance the tight tension of intestinal tract;

　　6. eat celery, walnuts, ripe banana, walnut, grapefruit, apple, grapefruit, brown rice, carrots, sweet potatoes, etc.
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The treatments of Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis

　　The treatments of Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis
　　Blood Pollution Therapy
　　Blood Pollution Therapy is the latest treatment for FSGS. This is a systematic treatment which can only relieve the symptoms but also treat kidney disease from the root cause.
　　The treatment process include three processes: combined blood purification techniques to remove blood stasis, supply essential elements to the blood, and recover the kidney function.
　　Immunotherapy
　　Immunotherapy is a personalized treatment which is conducted based on an accurate diagnosis. So, the treatment effect is satisfactory.
　　The whole treatment include six steps named an accurate diagnosis, inhibit excessive inflammatory response, immune tolerance, immune adjustment, immune protection, and immune clearance. Certain steps are selected according to your disease.
　　Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy
　　Different from traditional Chinese medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is applied externally with no adverse effect to human body. It is a kind of natural herbal remedy.
　　Functions of this therapy include dilate blood vessels, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, and degrade harmful substances like immune complexes and extracellular matrix. Treatment effects can be seen soon within one week after getting this therapy.
　　Traditional Chinese Medicine

　　Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) techniques such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, food therapy, qigong, cupping, etc can also be used as complementary treatment for your better recovery from FSGS.
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