Diagnosis and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Diagnosis

A 12-lead ECG of a person with CKD and a severe electrolyte imbalance: hyperkalemia (7.4 mmol/l) with hypocalcemia (1.6 mmol/l). The T-waves are peaked and the QT interval is prolonged.
Diagnosis of CKD is largely based on the clinical picture combined with the measurement of the serum creatinine level .

Etiology
In many CKD patients, previous kidney disease or other underlying diseases are already known. A significant number present with CKD of unknown cause. In these patients, a cause is occasionally identified retrospectively.[citation needed]

Differential diagnosis
It is important to differentiate CKD from acute kidney injury (AKI) because AKI can be reversible. Abdominal ultrasound, in which the size of the kidneys is measured, is commonly performed. Kidneys with CKD are usually smaller (≤ 9 cm) than normal kidneys, with notable exceptions such as in early diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. Another diagnostic clue that helps differentiate CKD from AKI is a gradual rise in serum creatinine (over several months or years) as opposed to a sudden increase in the serum creatinine (several days to weeks). If these levels are unavailable (because the patient has been well and has had no blood tests), it is occasionally necessary to treat a patient briefly as having AKI until the kidney impairment has been established to be irreversible.
Treatment
Controlling blood pressure will slow further kidney damage.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are used most often.
The goal is to keep blood pressure at or below 130/80 mmHg.
Making lifestyle changes can help protect the kidneys, and prevent heart disease and stroke, such as:

Do not smoke.
Eat meals that are low in fat and cholesterol.
Get regular exercise (talk to your doctor or nurse before starting to exercise).
Take drugs to lower your cholesterol, if needed.
Keep your blood sugar under control.
Avoid eating too much salt or potassium.
Always talk to your kidney doctor before taking any over-the-counter medicine. This includes vitamins, herbs and supplements. Make sure all of the doctors you visit know you have chronic kidney disease.

Other treatments may include:

Medicines called phosphate binders, to help prevent high phosphorous levels
Extra iron in the diet, iron pills, iron given through a vein (intravenous iron) special shots of a medicine called erythropoietin, and blood transfusions to treat anemia
Extra calcium and vitamin D (always talk to your doctor before taking)
Your doctor may have you follow a special diet for chronic kidney disease.

Limiting fluids
Eating less protein
Restricting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes
Getting enough calories to prevent weight loss

All people with chronic kidney disease should be up-to-date on the following vaccinations:

Hepatitis A vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Flu vaccine
Pneumonia vaccine (PPV)

The treatment of traditional chinese medicine and chinese  herbal medicine . this therapy improve kidney blood circulation .Increase glomerular filtration rate .so this therapy can stop and reverse the progress of some patients with chronic renal failure .At stage 5ckd renal replacement therapy is uaually in the form of  either dialysis or a transplant.