Urinary tract infection - adults

A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection of the urinary tract. The infection can occur at different points in the urinary tract, including:

Bladder. An infection in the bladder is also called cystitis or a bladder infection.
Kidneys. An infection of one or both kidneys is called pyelonephritis or a kidney infection.
Ureters. The tubes that take urine from each kidney to the bladder are rarely the only site of infection.
Urethra. An infection of the tube that empties urine from the bladder to the outside is called urethritis.

Causes
Most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and then the bladder. The infection most commonly develops in the bladder, but can spread to the kidneys. Most of the time, your body can get rid of these bacteria. However, certain conditions increase the risk of having UTIs.

Women tend to get them more often because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than in men. Because of this, women are more likely to get an infection after sexual activity or when using a diaphragm for birth control. Menopause also increases the risk of a UTI.

Symptoms
The symptoms of a bladder infection include:

Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have a foul or strong odor
Low fever in some people
Pain or burning with urination
Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen or back
Strong need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been emptied
If the infection spreads to your kidneys, symptoms may include:

 Chills and shaking or night sweats
 Fatigue and a general ill feeling
 Fever above 101° Fahrenheit
 Pain in the side, back, or groin
 Flushed, warm, or reddened skin
 Mental changes or confusion (in the elderly, these symptoms often are the only signs of a UTI)
 Nausea and vomiting
 Very bad abdominal pain (sometimes)

Exams and Tests
Most of the time you will need to provide a urine sample for the following tests:

 Urinalysis. This test is done to look for white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, and to test chemicals such as nitrites in the urine. This test can diagnose an infection most of the time.
 Clean-catch urine culture. This test may be done to identify the bacteria and determine the best antibiotic for treatment.
Blood tests such as CBC and a blood culture may be done as well.

You may also need the following tests to help rule out other problems in your urinary system:

 CT scan of the abdomen
 Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
 Kidney scan
 Kidney ultrasound
 Voiding cystourethrogram

The blood pressure secret of five hundred thousand people spread all over the world

High blood pressure, China and the world, most people have to face the health threat, let doctors and experts baffled medical problems.
Work slower!

Don't look down upon this five words + an exclamation mark, but this is many foreign scholars and experts after years of research, found that the best way to lower blood pressure.
Most of the friends should have such experience, suddenly when we were asked to do an urgent task, and asked to finish as soon as possible, our hearts will involuntarily feel very anxious.
Thinking to finish the task, but also the quality of both tasks, we can't help feeling of inner pressure, this time the blood pressure will skyrocket. Friends have a history of high blood pressure, in particular, it is easy to appear at this time because of the blood pressure suddenly soared, caused by a variety of complications.
Slowly, slowly again.

Slower and not let our work efficiency, but at the same time, the efficiency of give attention to two or morethings to keep a peace of mind.
After receiving emergency task, do not be irritable and prone to errors in the busy. Hurry up, improve the utilization rate of themselves for the time to complete the task.
Anxious state of mind, not only easy to cause errors in our busy, still can make we lose the calm judgment and analysis ability.
So to do things, might as well are slower, with calm logical thinking to do it all, by the way, let your blood pressure "silently".

Foreign patients in shijiazhuang kidney disease hospital for Christmas

"Merry Christmas! Sister, mother and I have received the hospital send a Christmas gift, and you?" In shijiazhuang kidney disease hospital ward, small foreign patients palmer lake via Skype with my sister in the Philippines, said the video uncle Santa Claus is a doctor, this is his first time in China for Christmas.

On December 24, Christmas Eve, at home and abroad in order to make the hospital patients can live a happy and peaceful Christmas Eve, Christmas, shijiazhuang kidney disease hospital for each patient and family to represent peace, auspicious "peace". "Must be strong, to believe that we must be able to overcome the disease, also wish your family health peace!" In the hands of send Christmas gift to each patient, medical staff will give patients a sincere encouragement, let patients feel the warmth of the hospital, especially foreign kidney patients. At the same time, the international department of the hospital for more than hundred foreign kidney disease with a combination of Chinese and western's Christmas party.

The reason for Polycystic kidney

Wash feet in the water with a little vinegar

In the evening after work, a little less hot water, and comfortable to soak the foot, believed to be a lot of friends like.
But do you know before the bubble foot, wash feet into the water with a little vinegar, wait a few minutes, there will be a magical things happen!

1  Eliminate your fatigue of a day. Let me tell you, vinegar can help our body blood circulation speed, higher hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity, improve our body parts for fatigue appeared anoxic condition, enhance the metabolism of human body system. So that can be ruled out carbon dioxide from the body and the waste gas.We get relax, restores the physical strength.

2 Effectively improve sleep. Half an hour every day with vinegar bubble foot, can make human body the excitation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve get coordination, nerves get adjustment, carding and relaxation, meridian flesh be reconciled, balance Yin and Yang. Insist for a long time can improve insomnia, much dream, wake up, such as sleep disturbance, improve sleep quality.

3  Strong body. Feet have 75 reflex zones, which are of important therapeutic value through vinegar bubble foot can make vinegar permeate the surface of the skin, enhance blood circulation, activate and strengthen the organ function, remove blood waste and lesions in the sediment.

How to treat uremia without dialysis?

Mr Li from Shan Xi Province is also a uremia patient. He rejects dialysis strongly. His serum creatinine level is 848umol/L but he does not want to take dialysis so we use Chinese medicine for his disease.
In fact, as for cleansing toxic and harmful substances in blood, the curative effect of Chinese medicine is better than dialysis. A month later, his reports in his local hospital show serum creatinine level has reduced to 512umol/L. This is a relatively safe range.

Simply speaking, the key point for uremia should include two aspects:
On one hand, remove toxic and harmful substances depositing in kidneys
On the other hand, cleanse toxic and harmful substances in blood and protect kidney function
Our Chinese medicine can achieve the goal of both. Oral medicine, external application, steaming therapy, foot bath and medicated bath can cleanse toxins in the body through different acupoints. In addition, we also create Interventional Therapy. The medicines can come to kidney lesion directly with the help of ultrafine catheter.
In summary, our Chinese medicine treats uremia from root. Only in this way can patients have obvious improvement.

Ralph Kimbu

Kidney Damage Examination

Kidney Damage Examination includes urine total protein (U-TP), urinary microalbumin (U-malb), urinary immunoglobulin G (U-IgG), urinaryα1-microalbumin (Uα1-M), urinary osmotic pressure, urinary retinol binding protein (U-TRF), urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U-GGT), and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (U-NAG), among which U-NAG is the one of the special tests of Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital.

Kidney Damage Examination

U-TP	Index of glomerular barrier function damage
U-malb	Index of early impairment of glomerular barrier function
U-IgG	Abundant IgG in urine indicates glomerular basement membrane loses the selective function
Uα1-M	More sensitive than β2-microalbumin to show the early lesion of nephrons, especially of renal tubules
U-TRF	Sensitive index of early renal tubular impairment
U-GGT	Index of renal tubular inflammatory lesion, especially autoimmune damage
U-NAG	Sensitive index of proximal convoluted tubule injuries
urinary osmotic pressure	Reflecting the concentration and dilution function of renal tubules, especially     of distal tubules

Made a remote consultation with a Columbia patient

Recently ,Hebei province Shijiazhuang kidney hospital and Dongfang Green land hospital professors used the remote consultation system,to consultation with for Mackaye who was a kidney patient, came from Columbie,70 years old.
The hospital vice-president Jiang yinghui said,Mackaye’s illness was serious before he came here,although not to the point uremia,appeared in a large of proteinuria.The hospital used the special technology of clearing blood lvge and immune inflammation blockade technique to cure Mackaye,in the end the illness was controlled.After this consultation,professors would make pointed references to consolidated his illness with hospital’s traditional Chinese medicine.Reminding all people with diabetes,whose course of disease in 10 to 20 years,will develop early diabetic nephropathy in about one third,so the people with diabetes insist to low salt 、low protein diet、low cholesterol and low fat diet principle,at the same time to control the blood glucose,don’t ignore to screen the kidney disease,patient must treat early.
Mackaye said:“You look my legs,these dropsied seriously and I can’t go to walk unless by wheelchair,but now I stand here and talk with you,even I can run a little .I’m very appreciated for these health care workers,they let me find back my hope.I know my choice to come here is right.’
Mackaye have kidney disease over 12 years, besides he has heavy blood pressure and heart disease complication,the condition of illness was very complicating.In a long time he has been stabled the situation by medicine and dialysis to support life .Before not a long time,with the nostalgic to life and the admire and hope to Chinese doctors,Mackaye with his daughter came to Shijiazhuang Kidney hospital.
Mackaye’s daughter said ,before came to China,her father had been treated for a long time ,he must made three dialysis in a week,his father’s attitude was very good for a long time ,although the dialysis only could relief the disease development but not brought better.He had ever been not to give up,he was a lovelife man and he always talked to me that he had many things to do.Hading kidney disease let him cherished every day.
From the vedio,the two hospital professors asked Mackaye’s condition,shared  patient’s case report and inspection report,according to the patient’s inspection indexes professors knew the illness state of Mackaye and discussed with it.After the two hospital professors exchanged the views of the it and made a consolidated therapy and diet in more detail.the remote consultation was over after more one hour.
The hospital vice-president Jiang yinghui said,Mackaye’s illness was serious before he came here,although not to the point uremia,appeared in a large of proteinuria.The hospital used the special technology of clearing blood lvge and immune inflammation blockade technique to cure Mackaye,in the end the illness was controlled.After this consultation,professors would make pointed references to consolidated his illness with hospital’s traditional Chinese medicine.Reminding all people with diabetes,whose course of disease in 10 to 20 years,will develop early diabetic nephropathy in about one third,so the people with diabetes insist to low salt 、low protein diet、low cholesterol and low fat diet principle,at the same time to control the blood glucose,don’t ignore to screen the kidney disease,patient must treat early.

Analysis about Hematuria

Hematuria is extremely normal for kidney disease patients, but unfortunately, most of them have no idea about the exact type of their hematuria. Hematuria is clinically divided into gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria on the basis of whether blood urine is visible. However, this is not the only classify of hematuria, and according to causes of it, hematuria can be divided into glomerular hematuria, nonglomerular hematuria and mixed glomerular hematuria.

At present, phase-contrast urine microscopy and automated peripheral blood cell counter are the most commonly used medical methods that can help to distinguish glomerular hematuria and nonglomerular hematuria. Compared with nonglomerular hematuria, glomerular hematuria has the following several characteristics:
1. Glomerular erythrocytes have small size and changed shape (usually more than 75% red blood cells have changed side and shape), compared with nonglomerular erythrocytes and this is caused by the extrusion while red blood cells pass through glomerular filtration membrane. We know in normal cases, red blood cells are not allowed to pass through filtration membrane, and once the membrane is damaged, they leaked out during which they have their shape changed.
2. Glomerular erythrocytes look more pale which occurs because erythrocytes lose a large amounts of their hemoglobin pigment while passing glomerular filtration membrane.
3. Glomerular hematuria is commonly companied by glomerlar bleeding.
Through analysing hematuria, we can know clearly whether our hematuria is caused by damaged glomerular filtration membrane or not. In some cases, patients may be told about a half of red blood cells in their urine are normal and another half of red blood cells are misshapen. In that cases, they can be diagnosed with mixed hematuria which both their glomerular filtration membrane and other kidney tissue are damaged.

Analysis of hematuria is of important clinical significance, so it is necessary for kidney disease patients to found out the exact type of their hematuria. Only with a clear cause, can we choose the right medicine or treatment.

Glomerular filtration rate

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

The blood sample is sent to a lab. There, the creatinine level in the blood sample is tested. The lab specialist combines your creatinine level with several other factors to estimate your (GFR). Different formulas are used for adults and children. The formula includes some or all of the following:

•    Age
•    Blood creatinine measurement
•    Ethnicity
•    Gender
•    Height
•    Weight

The creatinine clearance test, which involves a 24-hour urine collection, can also provide an estimate of kidney function. But this method is not always accurate.

How to Prepare for the Test

Your health care provider may ask you to temporarily stop any medicines that may affect the test results. These include antibiotics and stomach acid medicines.

Be sure to tell your provider about all the medicines you take. Do not stop taking any medicine before talking to your doctor.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or think you might be. GFR is affected by pregnancy.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there might be some throbbing or a slight bruise. These soon go away.

Why the Test is Performed

The GFR test measures how well your kidneys are filtering the blood. Your doctor may order this test if there are signs that your kidneys are not working well. It may also be done to see how far kidney disease has progressed.

The GFR test is recommended for people with chronic kidney disease. It is also recommended for persons who may get kidney disease due to:

• Diabetes
• Family history of kidney disease
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Urinary blockage

Normal Results

According to the National Kidney Foundation, normal results range from 90 - 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older people will have lower normal GFR levels, because GFR decreases with age.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Levels below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months are a sign of chronic kidney disease. GFR result lower than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 is a sign of kidney failure and requires immediate medical attention.

Risks

Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but can include:

• Excessive bleeding
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

Alternative Names

GFR; Estimated GFR; eGFR

Dream -True in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital

For such a long time, I have been planning to have a trip abroad with my father. My father is hard-working and he has devoted himself to the family. So I am always planning to travel abroad with my father. Unexpectedly, we achieve this dream in China in the end. However, this trip is for kidney disease treatment rather than entertainment. Briya told to the interviewer. For now, her father has improved after the treatment in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital.

Chandra, 59-year-old, is a coordinator in train of India. This is the first time for him to come to China with his daughters, Briya and Neha.
Chandra is dedicated worker and he arrives at post in advance. He shuttles back and forth between waiting-room and station every day. Sometimes, he even does not have enough time to finish his job before engaging himself to another job. He goes off in the early morning, not returning until late at night. Even if he fulfill the same task everyday, he never be sluggish. He never receive one letter of compliant.

He is the first son in his family and he has two young daughters. To support his parents and his family, he has to face much pressure all directions.
He is a open-minded father, and he always instill in his daughters with idea of marriage freedom. Influenced by the idea of men are superior to women, the local parents place less emphasis on the education of girl. However, Chandra is opposed to it and he pay more attention to the education of his daughters. Briya graduates from university of Bedfordshire in UK. After the graduation, she has found an excellent job in Singapore. His second daughter is receiving the education in a university in India. At the very beginning,  his neighbors can not agree with him after all daughters are money-losing proposition. Unexpectedly, his neighbors admire him very much when they see his daughters have found a excellent job after the graduation.
Marriage arranged by parents is common. For Briya and Neha, they are lucky because they can receive the higher education and they have freedom to choose their spouse.

Chandra has known that he suffered the kidney disease in 2014. He follows the advice of local doctor, takes oral medicines and pays attention to his diet. However, he still has no any improvement. His wife is so worried about him and wishes he can take long holiday to nurse his health.Chandra still continues to work because he loves his job. He becomes increasingly serious and he came to China in 2015 in the end with the accompany of his daughters.
Briya told us that her father has suffered the diabetic for a long time and it is not controlled very well in India. When she studies in UK, she has taken part in the seminar of Chinese Doctor in China. She speaks highly of this seminar. That is the reason why he decides to take her father to China for the treatment. As for Chandra, it is the first time for him to travel abroad and spend the Father’s Day abroad.

Doctor Yang, the chief doctor of Chandra,said that at the very beginning he came here, his has serious condition and appear confusion of consciousness. He woke up several times at night, sometimes going to toilet, or feeling thirsty, or mistaking the time for medicine. His daughters never have a good sleep during the treatment in the hospital. However, they are optimistic. They said that their father is just like a baby. At the same time, he need to be taken care of.

Father’s Day approaching, Briya feels happy because she can see her father is improving day after day. She wants to take her father to Beijing, the capital of China. She wants to offer him a true travel.