Primary causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

Primary causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome is usually caused by damage to the filters (glomeruli) in your kidneys. In normal case, the glomeruli in your kidneys are filtering blood as it flows through your kidneys and they can separate the useful things from wastes. Healthy glomeruli can keep proteins in blood to maintain the right amount of fluid in your body. However, once your glomeruli are damaged, they will allow too much blood proteins leak into urine thus resulting in Nephrotic Syndrome. The common causes of Nephrotic Syndrome could be listed as the following:
Minimal kidney disease: It is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in children. This disorder can result in abnormal renal function. However, the result of microscope test usually does not show abnormality.
Focal segemental glomerulosclerosis: A part of glomeruli in kidneys are scarred or sclerotic. It may result from another disease or a genetic defect or occur for no reason.
Membranous nephropathy: It refers to the thickening of glomerular membrane. Secondary causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Diabetes Mellitus: Long-term high blood glucose can damage the filters in kidneys thus resulting in Nephrotic Syndrome.
Systemic lupus erythematosus( SLE): It is a autoimmune disorder than can involve multiple organs including kidneys. It can cause inflammation of glomeruli.
Amyloidosis: It is attributed to the proteins building up in blood and it can affect multiple organs including kidneys. It can damage the filters in kidneys thus resulting in Nephrotic Syndrome.
Viral infection: The common viral infections mainly include hepatitis B, hepatitis C etc.

Prevention of kidney stones

Prevention of kidney stones
For precaution of kidney stone, the best way is drinking a lot of water and do some exercise. Of course, there are many specific way to prevent kidney stone, as follow:
The diet of kidney stone precaution ‘four little and one many’
One many: drinking more water and don’t hold urine. The water intake is 3000-3500ml per day, which is divided into several times during the day.
One little: drink little beer, because beer involves calcium, oxalic acid and purine nucleotides etc., they interact, which can make the urine acid of body increase, then become the key inducement forming kidney stone.
Two little: eat little meat and animal viscera. Because the metabolism of meat will produce uric acid, animal viscera involve high purine, after catabolism, also will produce high serum uric acid, and then uric acid is the main ingredient of kidney stone.
Three little: little salt intake, salty food will aggravate the kidney burden, then salt and calcium have synergetic function in the body, and disturb the metabolism of medicine of treating kidney stone. So the salt intake should be less 5g.
Four little: little sugar intake, the calcium ion in urine, oxalic acid and acidity of the urine all will increase after taking sugar. Acidity of the urine increase, which will make the calcium urate and calcium oxalate precipitate easily, promote kidney stone formation.
Stone is related to the metabolic balance directly. When nutrition metabolic disorder, stone will appear in different parts of urinary tract. So we have to drink more water and do some exercise to prevent the stone formation.
What can the kidney stone patient eat?
1. black fungus
2. the food rich in vitamin A.

The basics of diabetic nephrothy

The basics of diabetic nephrothy
What is diabetes kidney disease?
Diabetes kidney disease is damage to your kidneys caused by diabetes. In severe case it can lead to kidney failure. But not all patients with Diabetes will develop kidney damage.
What causes diabetes kidney disease?
The kidneys have many tiny blood vessels which are responsible for filtering wastes from your blood. High blood sugar can cause extra workload on these blood vessels and over time can make the blood vessels worn out. When the kidneys fail to work well, high levels of wastes will build up in body and proteins will leak into urine. Approximately 40 percent of diabetes patients will get diabetes kidney disease.
In addition, certain conditions can make the patients with diabetes are prone to diabetes kidney disease like high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
What are the symptoms of diabetes kidney disease?
In early stages, the patients experience no symptoms. Therefore, it is important to have regular urine tests to find kidney damage early. Sometimes early kidney damage can be reversed.
Microalbuminuria refers to a small amount of protein in urine and it is the first sign of kidney disease in diabetes. As kidney function worsens, blood pressure will increase. If the kidneys fail to remove fluid from body, retention of fluid in body will result in edema in feet and legs.
How is diabetes kidney disease diagnosed?
Microalbuminuria test is a test used to check for a protein called albumin in the urine. This sign occurs as your kidneys are not able to filter it out the way they should.
As early kidney damage can be reversed, it is important for the patients to find diabetes kidney disease early. It is important for the patients with diabetes to take the following tests.
*If you have type 1 diabetes, you should have a urine test yearly after you have had diabetes for 5 years.

*If you are a type 2 diabetes sufferer, start yearly testing at the time you are diagnosed with diabetes.
http://www.kidneyhospital.org/

What is kidney transplant?

What is kidney transplant?
Kidney transplant refers to a procedure that places a healthy kidney to replace the diseased kidney to work. If it is done successfully, there is a great chance to get rid of dialysis. In this condition, a matched kidney is necessary, generally, the kidney may come from:
1.Cadaveric donor kidney- a person who has recently died.
2.Living-related donor- your parents, brothers and sisters or children.
3.Living-unrelated donor- your spouse or friends.
When kidney transplant is needed?
Generally speaking, kidney transplant is needed when the condition progresses into kidney failure or ESRD. By doing so, this surgery can help expend patients’ life expectancy.In addition to this treatment, a well-balanced diet, usage of drugs, etc are also needed to treat kidney failure well.
How long will kidney transplant take?
In general, this procedure takes for 3-6 hours. And patients may stay in hospital within 15 days. If other discomforts occurs, you should stay in hospital for a longer time. When you leave the hospital, it is also necessary to do some tests to monitor how your kidneys work.
What are the contraindications of kidney transplant?
Absolute contraindications:
1. Ages The shorter life expectancy is, the stronger the allograft rejection.
2.Primary disorders
3.Unhealed malignant tumors
4.Active hepatitis
5.Myocardial infarction or active tuberculosis
6.AIDs or peptic ulcer
Relative contraindications: These contraindications usually include obesity, mental disorder, urinary tract infection, primary glomerulonephritis, uncontrolled high blood sugar level.
http://www.kidneyhospital.org/