It is dangerous to eat these foods for uremic patients

        It is dangerous to eat these foods for uremic patients

        High potassium foods can cause hyperkalemia, so they should to be limited. The kidney is the main pipeline of excretion for potassium in the body, when the glomerular filtration rate of uremia patients fell to 20~25ml/min or lower ,then renal excretion of potassium ability decreased gradually, so potassium ions easily piled up in vivo, prone to cause hyperkalemia. And high potassium can cause cardiac muscle to be suppressed and decrease myocardial tension, then appeared bradycardia and cardiac enlargement, weakened heart sound, arrhythmia and other symptoms.               Therefore, uremic patients should strictly limit the intake of high potassium food, in the daily diet; they should consciously avoid the high potassium food.

        High phosphate diet induced hyperphospheremia, so they should to be limited. The main function of phosphorus is to strengthen bones. The kidneys are unable to work properly, so the phosphorus metabolism function of uremic patients also drops, excess phosphorus accumulate in the blood, then cause hyperphosphatemia, appear the symptoms of skin itching and bone lesions. Be careful not to eat more high phosphorus foods, like dairy products, soft drinks, cola, yeast, dried fish, visceral class and so on.

Acute glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is the archetype of acute GN. Acute nephritic syndrome is the most serious and potentially devastating form of the various renal syndromes.

Hippocrates originally described the natural history of acute GN, writing of back pain and hematuria followed by oliguria or anuria. Richard Bright described acute GN clinically in 1827, which led to the eponymic designation Bright disease. With the development of the microscope, Langhans was later able to describe these pathophysiologic glomerular changes.

Acute GN is defined as the sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, and red blood cell (RBC) casts. This clinical picture is often accompanied by hypertension, edema, azotemia (ie, decreased glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), and renal salt and water retention. Acute GN can be due to a primary renal disease or to a systemic disease. Most original research focuses on acute PSGN.

Treatment of PSGN is mainly supportive, because there is no specific therapy for renal disease. When acute GN is associated with chronic infections, the underlying infections must be treated. This article addresses the aspects of GN that are relevant to its acute management.

Medical care of patients with diabetic nephropathy

Several issues are key in the medical care of patients with diabetic nephropathy. These include glycemic control, management of hypertension, and reducing dietary salt intake and phosphorus and potassium restriction in advanced cases.

A meta-analysis from the Cochrane Database shows a large fall in blood pressure with salt restriction, similar to that of single-drug therapy. All diabetic patients should consider reducing salt intake at least to less than 5-6 g/d, in keeping with current recommendations for the general population, and may benefit from lowering salt intake to even lower levels. Reducing dietary salt intake may help slow progression of diabetic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy may be necessary in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

A 2012 post-hoc analysis of the data merged from the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial and the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) in 1177 patients demonstrated that a low-sodium diet (24-h urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (mmol/g) < 121) enhanced the renoprotective and cardioprotective effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (losartan or irbesartan) in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Compared with higher sodium intake groups, the patients in the low-sodium group had better renal (by 43%) and cardiovascular (by 37%) outcomes. These improved outcomes in the low-sodium group underscore the importance of recent calls for population-wide intervention to reduce dietary salt intake, particularly in patients with diabetes and nephropathy treated with angiotensin receptor blockers.

Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Diabetic Nephropathy - Treatment Overview

Diabetic Nephropathy - Treatment Overview
Diabetic nephropathy is treated with medicines that lower blood pressure and protect the kidneys. These medicines may slow down kidney damage and are started as soon as any amount of protein is found in the urine. The use of these medicines before nephropathy occurs may also help prevent nephropathy in people who have normal blood pressure.
If you have high blood pressure, two or more medicines may be needed to lower your blood pressure enough to protect the kidneys. Medicines are added one at a time as needed.
If you take other medicines, avoid ones that damage or stress the kidneys, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen.
It is also important to keep your blood sugar within your target range. Maintaining blood sugar levels within your target range prevents damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys.

Limiting the amount of salt in your diet can help keep your high blood pressure from getting worse. You may also want to restrict the amount of protein in your diet. If diabetes has affected your kidneys, limiting how much protein you eat may help you preserve kidney function. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about how much protein is best for you.

High blood pressure, kidney disease diet principle

High blood pressure, kidney disease diet principle
For patients with hypertensive nephropathy, should pay attention to eat less salt, in general, salt intake should be maintained at between 2-5 grams per day, for patients with hypertensive nephropathy is a serious illness, to eat less salt. When the disease develops to a certain degree, the doctor will carry out treatment on patients with salt free diet. In addition to limit salt intake outside and there are some more food containing sodium patients to eat or not eat eat fruit every day. The body needs nutrition is very rich, there are some vitamins we need to eat fruits and vegetables to supplement to. It is proposed that for patients with hypertensive nephropathy to keep eating 1-2 apples to add a variety of the body needs vitamins every day. For the use of potassium food to the amount of potassium rich foods if enter the human body, can effectively resist because sodium caused by blood pressure patients People had a higher probability than the higher elevated, and the vascular injury. Potassium foods include: beans, peanuts, potatoes, fish, etc. These foods, no matter for what kind of hypertension patients with fish consumption is preferred, someone had to do survey, every week to eat a fish eat fish heart patients to small lot. Eat some calcium, iron foods in hypertensive patients every day to eat one gram of calcium, in two months after hypertensive patients blood pressure found decreased. So, for hypertension patients to eat more calcium foods. This kind of food: beans, walnuts, milk and so on.

Iron deficiency anemia on the diet suitable for eating

 

Iron deficiency anemia on the diet suitable for eating:
(1) a high protein diet. Protein is the raw material for synthesis of hemoglobin, should pay attention to dietary supplement, the daily number to 80 grams is appropriate, can choose animal liver, lean meat, eggs, milk and soy products and other high quality protein food. 
(2) food that contains iron rich and iron rich foods are animal liver, kidney, tongue, duck gizzard, squid, jellyfish, shrimp, egg yolk, etc. animal food, and sesame seeds, kelp, black fungus, seaweed, seaweed, mushrooms, soybeans, black beans, Yuba, red bean curd, celery, Shepherd's purse, jujube, sunflower seeds, walnut, etc. plant food. Advocate to use iron pot. 

Should be included in the diet 
(3) of food containing rich vitamins, especially vitamin B and vitamin C on the prevention and treatment of anemia to have the very good effect. 
Iron deficiency anemia is not suitable for the.
(1) avoid drinking tea, especially avoid drinking tea, because tea tannic acid can prevent the absorption of iron. 
(2) to correct poor eating habits, such as diet, vegetarian.
(3) the right amount of fat intake, 50 grams per day is appropriate. Fat intake can not be too much, otherwise it will reduce the function of digestion and absorption and inhibit hematopoietic function.

过敏性紫癜的饮食原则

       过敏性紫癜的饮食原则首先，应禁食各种致敏食物。食物过敏是引起此病的一个主要原因，许多食物中的异体蛋白质可引起过敏性紫癜，这些食物主要有鱼，虾，蟹，蛋，牛奶，蚕豆，菠萝等。病人一旦发现某种食物有致敏作用，应终身禁用这种食物，同时也不可使用与这种食物接触过的炊具和餐具。另外，过敏性紫癜患者最好不要食用自己从未吃过的新鲜花蕾之类的蔬菜，因为有报道说，植物花粉也是一种常见的致敏物。其次，过敏性紫癜患者常因出血过多而致贫血，因此要适当多吃富含蛋白质及补血食物，以补充机体的需要。这些食物主要有瘦肉，禽蛋，动物肝，肾，菠菜，西红柿，海带，紫菜，木耳，大枣和豆类其制制品。 另外，过敏性紫癜的患者，应多吃高维生素C食物，维生素C有减低毛细血管通透性和脆性作用，患者多吃这些食物有助于康复。富含维生素C的食物有柚子，橙子，柑橘，苹果，柠檬，草莓，猕猴桃，西红柿以及各种绿叶蔬菜等。
　   值得注意的是，过敏性紫癜患者的饮食，既要补充各种营养食品，又要尽量使食物清淡些，有肾脏损害者应限制食盐和水份的摄入。
      过敏性紫癜是一种常见的以全身性血管炎为主的变态反应性疾病，多见于7—14岁的学龄儿童。发病有明显的季节性，以冬春季发病多，夏季少见。一般预后较好，但易反复。过敏性紫癜由多种原因引起，如感染、食物（牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼虾等）、药物（抗生素、磺胺药、解热镇痛剂等）以及花粉、蚊虫叮咬等。一般来说，过敏性紫癜
85％与感染有关。如患有上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、龋齿、肠道寄生虫病
等要及时治疗，并要积极寻找过敏原，可通过生物检测仪或经血液检测到，平时注意避免接触这些能够引起过敏的物质，若与某种食物有关应禁食，与药物有关应停用，与环境有关应避开。在积极药物治疗的同时，细致的护理对本病的预后非常重要。
       家长需要注意的是：
       急性期出血多时应让孩子绝对卧床休息，并耐心与患儿解释，消除其恐惧心理避免跌倒或撞击身体引起外伤出血，特别是注意保护头部以免引起颅内出血；饮食要注意软、易消化，少渣半流质的无蛋白食物，忌食动物性食物和刺激性食物，如蛋、奶、海鲜类食物及调味品如生葱、干姜、胡椒等。病情好转也要限制活动，以免过劳后导致紫癜加重或重新出现。鼓励孩子多食新鲜蔬菜和水果，适当锻炼身体，增加肌体的抵抗力，避免感冒着凉和对肾脏有毒的药物。
       患病后不能在家盲目乱治，应及时住院治疗，是为了预防肾炎的发生，最好定期检查尿液，做到对病情变化心中有数。

A 21-Year-old Girl Recovered from IgA Nephropathy

Xiaowei, a 21-year old girl, is an IgA Nephropathy patient. After six times treatment in our hospital, she finally see negative protein in the urine test report. Here is her experience.
Before treatment 
She was diagnosed with kidney disease in 2011, and was treated with steroids for one month. Then, she went to several other hospitals for treatment up to 9 times. However, proteinuria, occult blood andswelling still recur.
During the two years, she lived with treatment and recurrence. Every time she had hope again when she was told a new treatment plant, but disappointed soon.
After these sufferings, Xiaowei finally regain confidence under the help of Dr. Wang Yuegang. Within one year, protein +++ became negative. 24-hour urine protein changed from 14.6 grams to 5.05 grams within one week, and 0.09 grams after one 37 days. How does that happen?
The secret is our doctor’s high diligence, which every patients here can see. They explained to the patients with the causes and natural treatments to help them get facts on their illness condition.
Treatment in our hospital
Of course, the most effective thing that can convince patients are curative effects. All the three times of recheck showed stable levels. She could have stopped taking medicines, but for the the chickenpox. She was worried about the persistent fever and came to our hospital again. This time, the urine protein over 24-hour was 12.98 grams, and rose to 17.26 grams with proteinuria ++++.
As for this acute kidney injure, timely treatment is very key. Dr. Wang made the treatment plant for her immediately.
The first step is to control fever caused by chickenpox, since inflammation due to fever will damage the kidneys. Medicine were prescribed to diminish inflammation and lower fever.
Secondly, treatment to control proteinuria was taken. Oral traditional Chinese medicine decoction, Hot Compress Therapy and Foot Bath were used.
One month later, urine protein returned back to negative.
You can see how hard the way to treat her IgA Nephropathy. Fortunately, she never gave up. As long as you take the right treatment, you can still get recovery from IgA Nephropathy.

低钠盐对肾病患者的利弊

低钠盐可以降低高血压、心血管疾病的风险，因此低钠盐适合中老年人和患有高血压心脏病的患者长期吃。而肾脏病患者如果有高血压和水肿时，的确应该低钠饮食，但不建议吃低钠盐。

低钠盐就是把盐中的氯化钠换成了氯化钾，而钾的排泄主要就是靠肾脏，当肾脏病人的肾功能受损时，无法将较多的钾有效排出体外，堆积在身体内会造成高血钾，容易引发心律失常、四肢麻木疲乏等症状，严重的高钾血症甚至危及生命，可能导致心跳骤停。

随着肾功能逐渐减退，高钾血症的风险也会随之增加。在肾功能衰竭的患者中，无论是尚未透析的患者，还是已经采用血液透析、腹膜透析的患者，高钾血症都并不少见。而医生在门诊时追问其高钾血症的原因时，低钠盐又是一个极易被大家忽略的潜伏的危险因素。患者往往知道香蕉、橙子、绿叶菜等是高钾食物，却没有注意到餐桌上的低钠盐也是高钾食物之一。

只有在少数持续低血钾、进食情况差的患者，需要口服补钾治疗、多吃高钾的食物时，可以考虑吃低钠盐，但是要定期检测血钾水平，避免补成高钾血症。

因此，肾脏病患者不要认为低钠饮食有益，就想当然地吃低钠盐，而是需要咨询医生，在医生的指导下结合自己的血钾水平、肾功能情况，决定能否服用低钠盐。

尿液变化看出是否有肾病

尿液是肾脏功能最直接最简单的体现，虽然看起来不如肌酐直观，却可以给我们提供更多的信息。

肾脏早期阶段，即炎症反应期，这个时期的肾脏会漏出蛋白，从尿液中可以看见泡沫；

而肾衰的病人尿液会变得很清澈，基本无色无味，因为毒素都留在体内了。

肾病用药-激素的副作用

66年前，两位美国人因为药物研制取得重大成就而获得1950年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，这个重大成就，就是激素。
这个药物确实有效果，一般情况下患者在服用激素后症状会明显改善。但是凡事都有利弊，有些事物是利大于弊，有些事物是弊远大于利处。

肾病吃激素的副作用如下：
　　(一)消化道粘膜出血；暂时服用激素会破坏胃粘膜，抚慰胃酸分泌，组成胃炎或胃溃疡，对全部消化系统的破坏。
　　(二)血糖降低，导致肾性糖尿病；暂时服用激素的大多数肾病患者都知道，在化验检验时都会发现血糖、尿糖的降低。这种血糖降低构成类固醇型糖尿病。
　　(三)血压降低，导致肾性高血;暂时服用激素会导致机体组织液内水、钠(盐分)潴留，不能排出体外，这就非常于血管内“水位提高”，压力增大，当然血压就增高，组成肾性高血压。
　　(四)骨质疏松，股骨头坏死;激素使用后能使骨钙游离，组成骨质疏松，这是很多见的一大副作用。副作用较严重的患者会出现股骨头坏死等后遗症。
　　(五)免疫力低下；随意疲劳，病人易患感冒，反复不愈。
　　(六)肉体兴奋；不少肾病患者用了激素药后，高度兴奋，长达数月睡不着觉。
　　(七)向心性肥胖；向心性肥胖能是激素副作用中展现最清楚的一个。暂时大剂量服用激素会引发脂肪重新分布，导致脂肪堆积，展现为满月脸、水牛背，腿细但是躯干肥胖。

高血压肾病反复原因有哪些？

https://www.facebook.com/kidneyhospitalshijiazhuang/
https://plus.google.com/communities/111780296296982290524

高血压肾病反复原因：
1、不规律服药，血压忽高忽低，或长期高压状态;
2、长期服用损伤肾脏的降压药;
3、感冒感染加重病情;
4、单纯降压控制蛋白，肾脏损伤没有恢复。

高血压肾病是怎么回事？

　　高血压肾病是由于肾小球囊内压增高而导致肾小球硬化，肾小管间质纤维化的一种疾病。所以，降低肾小球内的压力，减轻肾脏的工作量，抗炎、抗纤维化才能保护肾脏，减缓肾脏发展成尿毒症的速度。
　　在治疗上，应把重点放在控制血压，清理体内血液毒素上。通过清血清毒疗法清除血液毒素，控制住肾脏固有细胞的炎症反应，再清毒过程中，提高了血液中的含氧量和血液的质量，有效的改善了肾脏的缺血、缺氧的状态，从根本上解决了引起肾脏发生病变的原因，从而使蛋白就能很快就降了下来。对于尿毒症期或者肾脏纤维化斑痕期治疗上会困难一些，这时就需要看残存肾功能情况了。只要还存在一定的肾功能，就还有希望。

What kind of patients suitable to undergo dialysis?

1. GFR<10,or Cr. about 800;
2. For DN patient,GFR<15,or Cr. about 440;
3. Having some complications,electrolyte imbalance.Like heart failure,vomiting,nausea,high Bp.

What are the symptoms of renal insufficiency is the most common?

Many people doubt their kidney is not good, feel lumbago, backache fatigue. Spellbound all day, also don't know to do a check diagnose, such patients often miss the disease the best treatment period, lead to more serious consequences, then kidney function not upfront whole have what performance deserves our attention?

Renal insufficiency the earliest is also one of the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal problems, there are some nausea, vomiting, mouth odor of ammonia, oral ulcers and diarrhea; secondly the spirit of some of the performance such as dizziness, fatigue, the whole body is insipid, insomnia and other symptoms; then hematopoietic system of anemia and other exhibit some of the symptoms and hemorrhagic manifestations of some symptoms. These symptoms are easily understood.

If you feel these problems will need to went to the hospital for examination, and then by further tests such as urinary protein and other projects can be diagnosed renal insufficiency, but the premise is found that symptoms must be timely check, don't appear more serious phenomenon to check, was diagnosed renal insufficiency is renal insufficiency in late the. So everyone on their own physical condition should pay attention to some, any discomfort as soon as possible to check, so as not to delay treatment.What are the symptoms of renal insufficiency is the most common?

Many people doubt their kidney is not good, feel lumbago, backache fatigue. Spellbound all day, also don't know to do a check diagnose, such patients often miss the disease the best treatment period, lead to more serious consequences, then kidney function not upfront whole have what performance deserves our attention?



Renal insufficiency the earliest is also one of the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal problems, there are some nausea, vomiting, mouth odor of ammonia, oral ulcers and diarrhea; secondly the spirit of some of the performance such as dizziness, fatigue, the whole body is insipid, insomnia and other symptoms; then hematopoietic system of anemia and other exhibit some of the symptoms and hemorrhagic manifestations of some symptoms. These symptoms are easily understood.


If you feel these problems will need to went to the hospital for examination, and then by further tests such as urinary protein and other projects can be diagnosed renal insufficiency, but the premise is found that symptoms must be timely check, don't appear more serious phenomenon to check, was diagnosed renal insufficiency is renal insufficiency in late the. So everyone on their own physical condition should pay attention to some, any discomfort as soon as possible to check, so as not to delay treatment.

Renal Cyst Treatment

In the clinical treatment of renal cyst need individualized because of illness vary. For small renal cysts, no symptoms don't need any treatment, but the current review and inspect the cyst can continue to increase. 

Asymptomatic patients should often practise a urine test, including uric Convention and uric education, every half year to a year and implement a test of renal function, including endogenous creatinine clearance rate. Due to infection is renal cyst improved critical reason, so unless necessary, do not have to implement the urinary tract traumatic test.

Renal cyst treatment method is more, puncture treatment and conservative renal cyst swelling treatment. Renal cyst puncture effect is not big, not only has the advantages of easy infection, easy to relapse and after observation can not delay the occurrence of renal function damage. 

Surgery in treatment of renal cyst excision of the cyst is not an easy thing, because the surface of renal cyst can be cut off, but to cut off buried in deep kidney cyst is quite difficult. Large mass and the possibility of malignant transformation can be carried out an exploratory operation, if confirmed as benign cyst, the surface of the kidney resection of cyst wall, edge with catgut and kidney essence of continuous suture, residual cyst wall painted with tincture of iodine.

Lupus Nephritis