Proteinuria

　　Proteinuria
　　as a result of glomerular filtration membrane filtration function and renal tubular reabsorption function, healthy urine protein (much smaller molecular weight protein) content rarely (less than 150 mg daily discharge), protein qualitative check, the negative reaction. When urine protein content increased, the ordinary routine urine examination can detect, called proteinuria. If the acuity 3.5 g / 24 h urine protein content, it is called a massive proteinuria.
　　Proteinuria is the typical symptoms of chronic kidney disease, the reasons for the formation of Proteinuria and glomerular barrier function of the intimate relationship. The glomerular capillary consists of three layers structure from the inside out of endothelial cells, basal membrane layer respectively and the epithelial cell layer. Because the three layers of cells are filtering holes of various sizes and negative charge, so the barrier function of glomerular capillary can points two kinds, namely mechanical barrier, filter hole and charge barrier, negative charge.
　　Examination
　　Urine protein test is divided into qualitative and quantitative inspection and special inspection:
　　1. Qualitative check
　　Best for the first time in the early morning urine routine urine, morning urine is the most strong, and can eliminate orthostatic proteinuria. Return urine specimens, the abandoned in the former period, return midway through the urine. Qualitative check just preliminary examination, the kidney disease diagnosis, therapeutic observation and judgement shall do further quantitative inspection.
　　2. quantitative check
　　24 hours urinary protein quantitative, accurate to return 24 hours urinary protein, blending, in urine samples.
　　3. special examination
　　Such as urine protein electrophoresis, light chain quantitative urine, urinary tract ultrasound, renal biopsy and pathological examination, based on clinical diagnosis and the need for inspection.
　　Diet nursing principles of proteinuria
　　Albuminuria is an important clinical kidney disease patients.
　　1. Patients with proteinuria is generally need to have a rest, reduce the burden of kidneys and improve kidney function and reduce the symptom of proteinuria.
　　2. Observe the patient's blood pressure. Have proteinuria in patients with hypoalbuminemia and results in the decrease of blood volume and hyponatremia, prone to orthostatic hypotension and even syncope. Therefore, to instruct client don't activities, and monitoring the blood pressure regularly.
　　3. The diet nursing care. Patients with dietary protein supply according to kidney condition. In general, lost due to protein excretion from urine protein, serum albumin. Therefore, in the situation can be under the premise of renal function should be appropriately increased protein intake, and ensure the adequate supply of heat. If the patient's kidney function is poor and even take a low protein diet in uremia. And supply should be high quality protein, protein such as milk, lean lean, etc.
　　4. The examination of the urine protein on a regular basis. Generally do routine urine twice a week, a quantitative check urine specific gravity and 24 hours urinary protein.
　　5. Patients with proteinuria symptoms should be in suitable temperature and humidity, sunshine, ventilation is good, the living environment of fresh air. And the room regularly disinfected. Lost due to long-term patients with proteinuria protein, decreased with edema and make the skin resistance, easy infection, therefore, attention should be paid to the patient's personal skin clean and bed sheets, clothing hygiene clean, can use warm water scrub, massage the skin. Encourage patients often turn, etc.
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