Renal transplantation
Summarize:
renal transplantation is the healthy kidney transplantation for patients with kidney disease and loss of renal function. human body has two kidneys, usually a kidney can support normal metabolic requirements, when bilateral renal function were lost, renal transplantation is an alternative therapy, so every development to end-stage chronic renal insufficiency, renal transplantation treatment is available.
Diet:
Renal transplant patients with preoperative adopt low protein diet and long-term hemodialysis, there are different levels of malnutrition. After Transplantation, long-term use of immunosuppressive agents also affect the body's metabolism in different levels, which will lead to hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, high blood pressure and electrolyte disorder, thus aggravating the malnutrition of patients with conditions, so the reasonable diet arrangement is particularly important in patients with renal transplantation not only provide good nutrition demand for kidney transplant patients, will also greatly enhance the survival rate of transplant kidney patients.
After renal transplantation, the family diet principles are: add a moderate amount of high quality protein, low fat, low cholesterol, low sugar, low salt, mineral and vitamin supplements.
Complications:
1. No kidney function after kidney transplantation.
Refers to the blood vessels after connect no urine, one of the most common reason for super acute rejection, followed by acute tubular necrosis (ATN), there are also other CsA poisoning (ring spore, A poisoning) and surgical techniques. Cytotoxic cross experiment negatie rare super quick rejection, even more on the operating table, also can timely diagnosis and treatment. Living donor renal transplantation is rare ATN, because of the warm ischemia time is very short, but if the operation accidents, such as bleeding, severe shock, recipient vascular sclerosis difficulties make stitching, can happen occasionally ATN. Body kidney transplant ATN rate of 40%, Mainly with kidney preservation techniques and methods, hot or cold ischemia time, blood vessels, and surgical suture time accident and so on.technology and method, hot or cold ischemia time, blood vessels, and surgical suture time accident and so on.
2. The early renal insufficiency after renal transplantation.
Refers to the graft has been function after the operation, in the observation period of 2 weeks reduced the volume of urine and serum creatinine increase. Reasons include renal sex before or after sex, or acute rejection, CsA poisoning, infections, etc. Renal sexual reasons concerned before the function is not complete, low blood pressure, bleeding, insufficient blood volume, etc. Kidney after sex for urinary tract obstruction, such as necrosis or ureter stenosis, renal hematoma around or lymphocele caused by oppression, etc. In addition, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may also lead to kidney damage.
3. Late renal function impairment occurred after renal transplantation.
Refers to more than 3 months after the operation of renal impairment, main show is elevated serum creatinine slowly progressive, most patients with normal of urine. For more than 80% for chronic rejection and chronic CsA poisoning, the rest can be the original kidney disease in the recurrence of the graft, and a new variable such as nephritis, infection, kidney disease, stone, etc.
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